Back pain is pain felt in the back, which can be caused by muscle strains, disc problems, or structural issues. Symptoms range from a dull ache to a sharp, shooting pain and can include stiffness, pain that worsens with movement, or pain radiating down the legs. Most cases improve with rest and home treatment, but persistent or severe pain requires a doctor's visit, as treatments can include gentle movement, ice/heat packs, over-the-counter medication, or physical therapy.  

Causes

  • Muscle or ligament strain: Often from improper lifting, poor posture, or lack of exercise. 
  • Structural issues: Age-related changes, such as disc degeneration, can cause pain. 
  • Other causes: These can include injuries, arthritis, disc herniation, and, rarely, tumors or infections. 

Symptoms

  • A dull, constant ache, or a sharp, stabbing pain.
  • Pain that worsens with bending, twisting, or lifting.
  • Pain that radiates into the buttocks or legs.
  • Stiffness, especially in the morning.
  • Weakness, numbness, or tingling in the legs or feet. 

Treatment

  • Home treatment: Rest, gentle stretching, and applying a cold or hot compress can provide relief for minor pain. 
  • Over-the-counter (OTC) medications: Pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help with discomfort. 
  • Physical therapy: A physical therapist can provide exercises to strengthen your back and core muscles. 
  • Prescription medication: If OTC drugs are not effective, a doctor may prescribe stronger pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, or muscle relaxants. 
  • Other options: Injections for pain relief and nerve blocks are sometimes used for more persistent pain. 

When to see a doctor

Contact a healthcare professional if the pain: 

  • Lasts for more than a few weeks.
  • Is severe and doesn't improve with rest.
  • Spreads down one or both legs, especially below the knee.
  • Is accompanied by weakness, numbness, or tingling in your legs.
  • Is associated with unexplained weight loss.
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